nama-nama benua di dunia

Benua Afrika

Afrika adalah benua terbesar kedua dunia dan kedua terbanyak penduduknya setelah Asia. Dengan luas wilayah 30.224.050 km² termasuk pulau-pulau yang berdekatan, Afrika meliputi 20,3% dari seluruh total daratan Bumi. Dengan 800 juta penduduk di 54 negara, benua ini merupakan tempat bagi sepertujuh populasi dunia. Afrika adalah yang terbesar dari ketiga benua di belahan selatan Bumi dan yang terbesar kedua setelah Asia dari semua benua. Luasnya kurang lebih 30,244,050 km2 (11,677,240 mil2) termasuk kepulauan disekitarnya, meliputi 20.3% dari total daratan di bumi dan didiami lebih dari 800 juta manusia, atau sekitar sepertujuh populasi manusia di bumi.

Dipisahkan dari Eropa oleh Laut Tengah, Afrika menyatu dengan Asia di ujung timur lautnya melalui Terusan Suez yang memiliki lebar 130 km. Semenanjung Sinai yang dimiliki oleh Mesir sering dianggap secara geopolitis sebagai bagian dari Afrika. Dari ujung paling utara, Cape Spartel di Maroko, di 37°21′ lintang Utara, ke ujung paling selatan, Cape Agulhas di Afrika Selatan, 34°51′15″ lintang Selatan, terbentang jarak sekitar 8000 km; dari ujung paling barat, Cape Verde, 17°33′22″ bujur Barat, sampai ujung paling timur, Ras Hafun di Somalia, 51°27′52″ bujur Timur, jaraknya sekitar 7.400 km. Panjang garis pantainya 26.000 km (sebagai perbandingan, Eropa, yang memiliki luas 9.700.000 km² memiliki garis pantai 32.000 km.

Benua Amerika

Amerika adalah sebuah benua di dunia yang merujuk kepada wilayah daratan di antara Samudra Pasifik dan Samudra Atlantik. Benua ini umumnya dibagi menjadi 3 yaitu Amerika Utara, Amerika Tengah, dan Amerika Selatan. Istilah ini juga merujuk kepada wilayah Karibia, pulau-pulau sekitar Laut Karibia, dan Greenland (namun bukan Islandia). Sebagian besar penduduk di AS ialah keturunan imigran Eropa. Banyak orang yang diturunkan dari Jerman, Inggris, Skotlandia, Irlandia, dan Italia. Pada tahun-tahun terkini, banyak orang Hispanik datang dari Meksiko dan bagian lain di Amerika Latin, khususnya ke barat daya AS. Banyak dari mereka

yang melintasi perbatasan secara ilegal. Beberapa orang AS merasa gerah, dan juga karena banyaknya penggunaan bahasa Spanyol di AS (lihat Bahasa-bahasa di Amerika Serikat). Banyak juga orang Afrika-Amerika. Sebagian besar dari mereka diturunkan dari budak Afrika yang dibawa ke Dunia Baru. Sepertiga penduduk AS ialah orang Asia-Amerika. Sebagian besar mendiami pesisir barat. Penduduk aslinya, disebut penduduk asli Amerika atau Indian dan Eskimo amat sedikit.

Benua Antarktika

Antarktika (dari bahasa Yunani ἀνταρκτικός "antarktikos", lawan kata arktik atau anti-arktik) merupakan benua yang meliputi Kutub Selatan Bumi. Tempat terdingin di muka bumi ini sebagian besar tertutup es sepanjang tahun. Meskipun legenda dan spekulasi tentang sebuah Terra Australis ("Tanah Selatan") sudah ada sejak zaman kuno, penemuan benua yang pertama kali diterima umum terjadi pada 1820 dan pendaratan yang pertama tercatat tahun 1821. Namun demikian, peta yang dibuat Laksamana Piri Reis tahun 1513 memuat sebuah benua selatan yang diduga sebagai pantai Antarktika. (Lihat juga Sejarah Antarktika). Dengan luas 13.200.000 km², Antarktika adalah benua terluas kelima setelah Eurasia, Afrika, Amerika Utara, dan Amerika Selatan namun populasinya terkecil jauh di bawah yang lain (umumnya dihuni oleh para peneliti dan ilmuwan untuk batas waktu tertentu saja). Benua ini juga memiliki ketinggian tanah rata-rata tertinggi, kelembaban rata-rata terendah, dan suhu rata-rata terendah di antara semua benua di bumi. Antarktika merupakan zona bebas, walaupun sampai saat ini masih ada beberapa negara di dunia yang mengajukan klaim kepemilikan wilayah di benua Antarktika tersebut.

Diperkirakan terdapat sekitar 1.000 orang tinggal di Antarktika dalam satu waktu namun bergantung juga terhadap musim. Orang yang tinggal di Antarktika biasanya menggunakan zona waktu negara asalnya. Walau tidak ada pemukim tetap, 29 negara yang menandatangani Traktat Antarktika memiliki stasiun riset yang umumnya selalu digunakan sepanjang tahun.

Banyak yang menganggap bahwa manusia pertama yang dilahirkan di Antarktika adalah Solveig Gunbjörg Jacobsen, tepatnya di Grytviken, pulau Georgia Selatan pada tanggal 8 Oktober 1913. Namun dikarenakan pulau ini tidak dianggap sebagai bagian dari benua Antarktika, maka Emilio Marcos Palma (lahir 7 Januari, 1978) sampai sekarang adalah orang pertama yang lahir di benua Antarktika. Ia adalah seorang warganegara Argentina. Lalu pada tahun 1986 dan 1987 di stasiun Chili lahir pula seorang anak lelaki dan perempuan

Benua Asia

Benua Asia merupakan benua terbesar dengan populasi terpadat di dunia dengan wilayah yang mencakup 8,6% permukaan Bumi yang meliputi daratan luas Afrika-Eurasia tanpa Eropa dan Afrika. Batas antara Asia dan Eropa sangat kabur, yakni berasa di wilayah Dardanella, Laut Marmara, selat Bosforus, Laut Hitam, pegunungan Kaukasus, Laut Kaspia, Sungai Ural (atau Sungai Emba), dan Pegunungan Ural hingga Novaya Zemlya, sedangkan dengan Afrika, Asia bertemu di sekitar Terusan Suez. Sekitar 60% populasi dunia tinggal di Asia. Lihat pula Eurasia. Wilayah Asia merupakan benua Asia ditambah kepulauan di sekitar Samudra Hindia dan Pasifik. Berbeda dengan angka-angka dalam artikel negara-negara, angka-angka pada tabel ini didasarkan pada area yang mencakup perairan (danau, reservoir, sungai) dan karenanya mungkin angkanya lebih kecil di sini. Seluruh Rusia, Mesir, dan Turki disebutkan di dalam tabel ini, meskipun hanya sebagian dari wilayah negara-negara itu berada di Asia. Georgia, Armenia, dan Azerbaijan juga dicantumkan di sini, meskipun negara-negara itu juga dapat dianggap sebagai bagian dari Eropa. Tepi Barat dan Jalur Gaza tidak dicantumkan secara terpisah, melainkan digabungkan sebagai bagian dari wilayah Palestina.

Benua Eropa

Eropa secara geologis dan geografis adalah sebuah semenanjung atau anak benua. Pemisahannya sebagai benua lebih dikarenakan oleh perbedaan budaya. Batasnya di utara adalah Samudera Arktik, di barat adalah Samudera Atlantik, dan di selatan dibatasi oleh Laut Tengah. Batas timurnya masih belum jelas karena pemisahan benua ini sendiri diawali oleh faktor kebudayaan. Batas yang sering dipakai sebagai batas benua Eropa dan Asia adalah Pegunungan Ural. Benua ini adalah benua terkecil kedua setelah Australia dengan luas 10.600.000 km² sedangkan bila dihitung dari populasinya, benua ini terletak di urutan ketiga (di bawah Asia dan Afrika) dengan 799.466.000 jiwa pada tahun 2003 (seperdelapan penduduk dunia).

Benua Australia

Negara Persemakmuran Australia (Commonwealth of Australia) atau dikenal sebagai Australia saja adalah sebuah negara di belahan bumi selatan yang juga menjadi nama benua terkecil di dunia. Wilayahnya mencakup seluruh benua Australia dan beberapa pulau di sekitar Samudra Hindia Selatan dan Samudra Pasifik. Negara tetangga Australia disebelah utara termasuk Indonesia, Timor Timur, dan Papua Nugini. Disebelah timur laut bertetangga dengan Pulau Solomon, Vanuatu dan Kaledonia baru (secara administratif milik Perancis), sementara di tenggara bertetangga dengan Selandia Baru .

Australia, walaupun terletak di dekat Asia, lebih sering disebut sebagai bagian dari dunia Barat karena kehidupannya yang mirip Eropa Barat dan Amerika Serikat. Penduduknya pun sebagian besar kulit putih. Benua Australia selama 40.000 tahun telah didiami oleh penduduk asli Australia, namun pada abad ke-17 setelah kunjungan-kunjungan sporadis dari para nelayan di utara dan penjelajah Eropa serta para pedagang, separuh wilayah timur Australia kemudian diakui sebagai wilayah Inggris di tahun 1770 dan secara resmi dijadikan pemukiman koloni terhukum (penjahat) di New South Wales pada 26 Januari 1788. Sejalan dengan pertambahan penduduk dan perambahan wilayah-wilayah baru , maka lima wilayah besar yang mengelola sendiri "jajahan yang diperintah oleh Pusat" (Crown Colony) didirikan satu demi satu sepanjang abad ke-19.

Pada 1 Januari 1901, ke enam federasi koloni ini dan Persemakmuran Australia dibentuk. Semenjak berdirinya federasi, Australia telah berhasil mempertahankan system politik liberal demokratis yang stabil dan tetap tunduk dalam Wadah Persemakmuran. Jumlah penduduk terakhir yang tercatat adalah 20,4 juta jiwa dan umumnya terpusat di kota-kota sepanjang garis pantai seperti Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide dan Perth (dan menjadi kota-kota besar di Australia). Ibu kotanya terletak di Canberra, sementara di daerah gurunnya yang luas, jumlah penduduk sangat sedikit.

Faunanya yang unik menyebabkan negara ini identik dengan binatang kangguru dan koala.

example from news item

Australia Confident Economy of the Republic of Indonesia Sign in Top 10

   Australian trade minister optimistic Craig Emerson, the Indonesian economy will achieve top ten positions in the world by 2025. Potential of Australia has sparked increasing cooperation with Indonesia.
   Moreover, Indonesia is the fourth largest market for Australian agricultural exports, after Japan, China, and the United States. In 2009-2010, the value of the Australia-Indonesia bilateral perdangangan reached 11.8 billion Australian dollars atw around Rp. 107.7 Trillion.
   "Indonesia's economy with a population of 234 million people, growing rapidly and can reach the world top ten position in 2025, Craig Emerson said in a press statement the Australian Embassy, Jakarta, Monday (11 / 4).
   To that end, Emerson to Indonesia on 19-20 April 2011, met Trade Minister Mari Elka Pangestu of Indonesia. This is Emerson's first visit as Minister TRADE, bertetapan with Preparation Australia - Indonesia has been negotiating Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA). Prime Minister Julia Gillard and President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono launched the CEPA process in November last year.
   The two ministers will also discuss Indonesia's ratification of the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement-Australia-New Selendia (AANZFTA) and the Doha round of multilateral trade negotiations.

NO	QUESTION	ANSWER
1	What the headline above ?	Australia Confident Economy of the Republic of Indonesia Sign in Top 10
2	Anyone who suggests that Indonesia entered the top 10 in the world economy ?	Craig Emerson
3	In what year did the State of Indonesia ordinary into the top 10 in the world economy ?	2025
4	Where and when Craig Emerson said it ?	australian Embassy in a press statement, Jakarta, Monday  (11 / 4).
5	When did Craig Emerson came to Indonesia and who he met at his ?	Emerson to Indonesia on 19-20 April 2011, met Trade Minister Mari Elka Pangestu of Indonesia.

PREDIKSI UAN BHS.INGGRISS SMP

MATA PELAJARAN

BAHASA INGGRISS

WAKTU PELAKSANAAN

HARI/ TANGGAL : RABU ,   April 2011

JAM                         : 07:30-09:30

PERTUNJUK UMUM

1.      Isikan indentitas ke Lembar Jawaban Komputer ( LJK ) dengan menggunakan pensil 2B.

2.      Tersedia waktu 120 menit untuk mengerjakan soal tersebut.

3.      Jumlah soal sebanyak 50 butir.

4.      Periksa dan bacalah soal-soal tersebut sebelum anda mengerjakan.

5.      Laporkan kepada pengawas jika ada soal yang kurang jelas.

6.      Minta lah kerts buram untuk coret-coretan.

7.      Tidak di ijinkan menggunakan calculator, hp dan alat perhitungan matematika lainnya.

8.      Periksa kembali pekerjaan anda sebelum diserahkan kepada pengawas.

9.      Lembaran soal ini tidak boleh di corat coret apa lagi di foto copy.

 

1.      In which section would you likely read the ad?

A.    Company for sale.

B.     Office equipment.

C.     Job vacancy.

D.    Entertainment Guide,

E.     Stationary and office.

2.      What position is offered in the advertisement?

A.    Salesman.

B.     Wholesaler.

C.     Accountant.

D.    Office staff.

E.     Director assistant.

3.      Apply with curriculum vitae to Mrs. Barton.
What information should the applicant include in it ?

A.    Experience in managing a company.

B.     A statement of salary wanted.

C.     A prove of knowing about stationary.

D.    A statement of responsibility.

E.     A statement of education and work experience.

         Once upon a time, a rabbit wanted to cross a river but he could not swim. He had an idea. He saw a boss of crocodile swimming in the river. The rabbit asked the boss of crocodile, "How many crocodiles are there in the river'?" The boss of crocodile answered, "We are twenty here." "Where are they?" the rabbit asked for the second time. "What is it for?" the boss of crocodile asked.

         "All of you are good, nice, gentle and kind, so I want to make a line in order. Later I will know how kind you are," said the rabbit. Then, the boss of the crocodile called all his friends and asked them to make a line in order from one side to the other side of the river. Just then, the rabbit started to count while jumping from one crocodile to another : one ... two ... three ... four ... until twenty, and finally, he thanked all crocodiles because he had crossed the river.

4.      The story mainly tells us about ........

A.    twenty crocodiles

B.     the boss of the crocodile

C.     a rabbit and twenty crocodiles

D.    a rabbit and the boss of crocodile

E.     the boss of the crocodile and all his friends

5.      We know from the first paragraph that the rabbit actually wanted ........

A.    to cross the river

B.     to swim across the river

C.     to meet the boss of crocodile

D.    to know where the crocodiles are

E.     to know the number of crocodiles there

6.      All of you are good, nice gentle, and kind ...."
(Paragraph 2) The underlined word is synonymous with ........

A.    Wild

B.     Diligent

C.     Cheerful

D.    Easygoing

E.     Honourable

The University of Australia

         The University of Australia has an international reputation for educational professionals and for applied research. It is Australia's largest university, with six campuses, including a specialized technology campus. The university places particular importance on the quality of its teaching and learning programs, and on its working links with industry, business and government.

7.      The whole paragraph promotes that ........

A.    The University of Australia offers excellent educational programs

B.     The University of Australia is the largest university in the country

C.     The University of Australia has a specialized technology campus

D.    The university places particular importance on technology

E.     The university has six campuses

8.      Which information is NOT TRUE about the University of Australia?

A.    It has an international educational reputation.

B.     It also has a specialized technology campus.

C.     It has six technology campuses.

D.    It is Australia's largest university.

E.     It has good relation with industry.

9.       It is stated that the university has good relationship with ........

A.    educational professionals

B.     specialized technology

C.     large universities

D.    other campuses

E.     industry

10.   "The University of Australia has an international educational reputation for ..."
The underlined word means ........

A.    Knowledge

B.     Prestige

C.     Attitude

D.    Character

E.     Interest

         The police thought that two burglars started the robbery at 151 Pattimura street on Sunday afternoon. The burglars broke into the students' room while they were going to a football game. They never thought that while they were away, burglars would break into their boarding house.

11.  What happened to the students' room on Sunday afternoon?

A.    The police broke it.

B.     The police ruined it.

C.     Burglars broke into it.

D.    'Iwo burglars broke it.

E.     The students started to ruin it.

12.   The burglars broke into the room when the students ........

A.    Were at a party

B.     were taking a rest

C.     were playing football

D.    were at a football game

E.     were watching football on TV

13.   "The burglars broke into the students room ...."
The underlined phrase means ........

A.    Broke forcefully

B.     Entered by force

C.     Put into pieces

D.    Easily entered

E.     Came into

14.  The students seem to think that ........

A.    They had locked their room

B.     Their boarding house was not safe

C.     Their boarding house was in a safe area

D.    Thieves would easily break into their room

E.     There would be a robbery in their boarding house

         An elephant is the largest and strongest of all animals. It is a strange looking animal with its thick legs, huge sides and backs, large hanging ears, a small tail, little eyes, long white tusks and above all it has a long nose, the trunk.

         The trunk is the elephant's peculiar feature, and it has various uses. The elephant draws up water by its trunk and can squirt it all over its body like a shower bath. It can also lift leaves and puts them, into its mouth. In fact the trunk serves the elephant as a long arm and hand. An elephant looks very clumsy and heavy and yet it can move very quickly.

         The elephant is very intelligent animal. Its intelligence combined with its great strength makes it a very useful servant to man and it can be trained to serve in various ways such as carry heavy loads, hunt for tigers and even fight.

15.  The third paragraph is mainly about the fact that ........

A.    elephants are strong

B.     elephants can lift logs

C.     elephants are servants

D.    elephants are very useful

E.     elephants must be trained

16.  Which of the following is NOT part of the elephant described in the first paragraph?

A.    It looks strange

B.     It is heavy

C.     It is wild

D.    It has a trunk.

E.     It has a small tail.

17.  It is stated in the text that the elephant uses the trunk to do the following, EXCEPT ........

A.    to eat

B.     to push

C.     to drink

D.    to carry things

E.     to squirt water over the body

18.  "The trunk is the elephant's peculiar feature ..." " (Paragraph 2)
The underlined word is close in meaning to ........

A.    Large

B.     Strange

C.     Tough

D.    Smooth

E.     Long

      Have you ever wondered how people get chocolate from? In this Article we'll enter the amazing world of chocolate so you can understand exactly what you're eating.

         Chocolate starts with a tree called the cacao tree. This tree grows in equatorial regions, especially in places such as South America, Africa, and Indonesia. The cacao tree produces a fruit about the size of a small pine apple. Inside the fruit are the tree's seeds, also known as cocoa beans.

         The beans are fermented for about a week, dried in the sun and then shipped to the chocolate maker. The chocolate maker starts by roasting the beans to bring out the flavor. Different beans from different places have different qualities and flavor, so they are often sorted and blended to produce a distinctive mix. Next, the roasted beans are winnowed. Winnowing removes the meat nib of the cacao bean from its shell. Then, the nibs are blended. The blended nibs are ground to make it a liquid. The liquid is called chocolate liquor. It tastes bitter. All seeds contain some amount of fat, and cacao beans are not different. However, cacao beans are half fat, which is why the ground nibs form liquid. It's pure bitter Chocolate.

19.  The text is about ........

A.    the cacao tree

B.     the cacao beans

C.     the raw chocolate

D.    the making of chocolate

E.     the flavour of chocolate

20.  The third paragraph focuses on ........

A.    the process of producing chocolate

B.     how to produce the cocoa flavour

C.     where chocolate comes from

D.    It the chocolate liquor

E.     the cacao fruit

21.   ".... so, they are often sorted and blended to produce ...." (Paragraph 3)
The underlined word is close in meaning to ....

A.    Arranged

B.     Combined

C.     Separated

D.    Distributed

E.     Organized

22.  How does the chocolate maker start to make chocolate ?

A.    By fermenting the beans.

B.     By roasting the beans.

C.     By blending the beans.

D.    By sorting the beans.

E.     By drying the beans.

         Two students were discussing the school's new rule that all the students must wear a cap and a tie. One of them showed her annoyance. She said that wearing a cap and a tie was only suitable for a flag rising ceremony. So, she was against the rule. Contrary to the girl's opinion, the other student was glad with it. He said that he didn't mind with the new rule because wearing a cap and a tie will make the students look great and like real educated persons. The first student gave the reasons that they would feel uncomfortable and hot. Moreover, the classrooms were not air conditioned. The second said it wasn't a big problem. He was sure that the students would wear them proudly. They would surely be used to it any way.

23.   The two students are discussing ........

A.    the facilities in school

B.     their homework

C.     their uniform

D.    their friends

E.     their family

24.   The boy said that he agreed.with the new rule in his school.
Which statement shows his agreement?

A.    He was not annoyed.

B.     He would not obey the rule.

C.     He didn't care of the rule.

D.    He didn't like wearing a cap and tie.

E.     He didn't mind wearing a cap and tie.

25.  The boy believed that all students would ........

A.    have a high spirit to study

B.     solve their own problems

C.     care for their environment

D.    follow the new rule

E.     feel uncomfortable

26.  "One of them showed her annoyance, ..."
The underlined word is close in meaning to ........

A.    Responsibility

B.     Displeasure

C.     Agreement

D.    Applause

E.     Response

         SINGAPORE: A supervisor was jailed for two months for repeatedly striking his Indonesian maid on the head and back with a television remote.

         Muhammad Shafiq Woon Abdullah was brought to court in Singapore because he had physically hurt the woman on several occasions between June and October 2002. the Straits Time said.

         The magistrate's court heard that Shafiq, 31, began striking Winarti, 22, about a month after she started working for him.

         He hit her on the head with the TV sets remote control because he was unhappy with her work. On one occasion, he punched her on the back after accusing her of daydreaming.

         S.S. Dhillon, Shafiq's lawyer, said that his client had become mad when he saw his daughter's face covered as she was lying in bed. He said his Client thought the maid had put the child in danger.

27.  The text reported ........

A.    the arrest of a supervisor

B.     the working condition in Singapore

C.     an Indonesian worker in Singapore

D.    the Indonesian workers' condition in Singapore

E.     a crime by a Singaporean supervisor towards his maid

28.   Which one of the following statements is TRUE according to the text ?

A.    A supervisor was put in jail for two years.

B.     The supervisor gave many kinds of jobs to the maid.

C.     The maid has been working for him for two months.

D.    Winarti struck the supervisor with a remote control.

E.     The supervisor hit his maid's head with the TV set's remote control.

29.    " ... he physically hurt the woman ..." (Paragraph 2)
The underlined word is close in meaning to ........

A.    Cut

B.     Injured

C.     Offended

D.    Punished

E.     Damaged

30.  Why did Shafiq punch Winarti on her back?
She was accused of ........

A.    talking much time for herself

B.     not working properly

C.     working carelessly

D.    daydreaming

E.     being lazy

         Singapore is a city state, it is a city but it is also a state. It is a republic. Along with Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Brunei, it belongs to ASEAN, the Association of South-East Asian Nations.

         Like Indonesia, Singapore is a country of "Bhineka Tunggal Ika." Chinese, Malays. Indians and Eurasians make up its citizens. Other Asians, including Indonesians, Japanese, Philippines, Koreans, Thais and Arabs also live on that tiny island. Singapore is sometimes called "Instant Asia" because you can see varieties of customs, cultures, and foods of nearly all Asia in Singapore.

31.  The text mainly talks about Singapore as ........

A.    a nation

B.     an island

C.     a republic

D.    a city state

E.     a memberof ASEAN

32.   Singapore's citizens consist of ........

A.    Brunei, Indians

B.     Chinese, Thais and Arab

C.     Chinese, Malays, Indians, and Eurasians

D.    Eurasians and Philippines

E.     Asians and Arabs

33.  "... Koreans, Thais and Arabs live on that tiny island." (Paragraph 2).
The underlined word may be replaced by "very ........"

A.    Cute

B.     Huge

C.     Small

D.    Broad

E.     Harrow

34.  Eka    : Are you free today?
Lidya : Yes, what's up?
Blur   : Would you like to come with me to see the "Peterpan" show tonight?
Lidya : Thanks, I'd be delighted to. It's my favourite band.
What are the speakers going to do?

A.    To stay at home.

B.     To see Peterpan show.

C.     To arrange their free time.

D.    To watch Peterpan at home.

E.     To come to their friend's house.

35.   Mira     : Hi, Dad, I will be late home because the committee will hold a meeting after class. Father   : It's okay but you must go straight home after the meeting.
Mira     : Don't worry, Dad.
Mother : What did Mira say?
Father   : She said that she would be late home today.
What is the most possible place where Mira is talking to her father?

A.    A hall.

B.     Her home.

C.     The office.

D.    Her school.

E.     A meeting room.

Text 1

Bisons have not always lived in North America; they are relative newcomers. They belong to the Bovidae family, like domestic cattle and the wild buffalo of Africa and Asia. The oldest known bison fossils have been found in China and the Himalaya foothills, where an animal with all essential features of the genus lived a million years ago. They evolved rapidly and spread over most of the northern hemi­sphere in Europe and Siberia. During one of the Ice Ages, the sea level dropped, exposing a land bridge across the Bering Strait, allowing the faunas of Asia and North America to intermingle. Very early, the steppe bison moved eastward to the North American continent.

36. What is the topic of the paragraph ?

1. The spread of bisons from China and Himalaya to North America
2. Types of bisons belonging to the Bovidae family
3. The effect of the intermingling of Asian and North American faunas
4. Places in the world where bisons lived
5. The rapid evolution of bisons

37. What is the main idea of the text?

1. Bisons are relative newcomers in North America because they have lived in other parts of the world.
2. The oldest known bison fossils have been found in China and the Himalaya foothills.
3. Bisons belong to the Bovidae family, like domestic cattle and wild buffalo of Africa and Asia.
4. From Asia, bisons spread over most of the northern hemisphere and came to North America through the Bering Strait.
5. Bisons came to North America when the faunas of Asia and North America intermingled.

Text 2

A black hole is a region of space created by the total gravitational collapse of matter. It is so intense that nothing, not even light or radiation, can escape. In other words, it is a one-way surface through which matter can fall inward but cannot emerge.

Some astronomers believe that a black hole may be formed when a large star collapses inward from its own weight. So long as they are emitting heat and light into space, stars support themselves against their own gravitational pull with the outward thermal Pressure generated by heat from nuclear reactions deep in their interiors If a star eventually exhausts its nuclear fuel, its unbalanced gravitational attraction could cause it to contract and collapse. Furthermore, it could begin to pull in surrounding matter, including nearby comets and planets, creating a black hole.

38. What is the topic of the passage?

1. The theory of the universe
2. Black hole
3. The belief
4. Nuclear fuel
5. Unbalanced gravitation

39. Some astronomers believe that a black hole may be formed when a large star …………..

1. begins to pull in surrounding matter.
2. has its own gravitational pull
3. collapses outward thermal pressure
4. collapses inward from its own weight
5. is generated by heat from nuclear reaction

Text 3

To prepare for a career in engineering, a student must begin planning in high school. Mathematics and science should form the core curriculum. For exam­ple, in a school where sixteen credit hours are re­quired for high school graduation, four should be in mathematics, one each in chemistry, biology, and physics. The remaining credits should include four in English and at least three in humanities and social sciences. The average entering freshman in engineer­ing should have achieved at least a 2.5 grade point average on a 4.0 scale in his or her high school. Although deficiencies can be corrected during the first year, the student who needs additional work should expect to spend five, instead of four years, to complete a degree.

40. What is the average grade point for an entering freshman in engineering?

1. 2.5
2. 4.0
3. Four in English
4. Three in the humanities
5. 16 credit hours

41. When should a student begin planning for a career in engineering?

1. in the first year of college
2. In high school
3. In the beginning of school
4. In the school orientation program
5. In the college

Text 4

Over the years, many different systems of physi­cal exercise designed to improve the health and ap­pearance of the body have emerged. One of the best ever was Hatha Yoga, a form of Yoga consisting of various postures that exercise the whole body. Facial muscles, for example, can be made firmer by daily performance of "The Lion", a posture that imitates the face of roaring lion. Back muscles can become more flexible by regular practice of "The Cobra", a posture that imitates the arching head of the poison­ous snake. "The Crow", which resembles the head­stand, is said to improve circulation and relieve ten­sion,

42. What is the topic of the text?

1. Systems of physical exercise
2. Animal postures in Yoga
3. Hatha Yoga postures
4. Exercising body muscles
5. improving blood circulation

43. What is the main information of the text?

1. Hatha Yoga postures exercise the whole body.
2. Animals are used in Yoga exercise.
3. Yoga imitates the movement of animals.
4. Animals are important elements in Yoga exer­cise.
5. Yoga is the best physical exercise,

Text 5

If students are to succeed in the future, their education must encourage them to have the desire to keep learning throughout their lives. For at least a decade now, experts have been telling us that to prosper in the future, countries need to make a much better use of their human resources. This means that people are not allowed to stop their learning at the age of 10 or 30, pushing skill-growth rates up rather than allowing children and adults lose interest in learn­ing. Although this is not easy, we should realize that vast numbers of people in the world may live poorly in globalization era, while only few people live excep­tionally well. As a result, the gap between the rich and the poor will grow and grow until social chaos explodes.

44. The text is about……………      

1. important advice on education for a better future
2. the establishment of rules related to educa­tion
3. an improvement in the development of hu­man resources
4. the result of a country's poor education
5. people's obligation to have a life-time educa­tion

45. The writer believes if countries allowed people to stop learning at the age of 30, ……………………….        

1. there would be a greater competition between the rich and the poor
2. the number of poor people in the world would increase
3. the globalization era would be dominated by the rich
4. the majority of people in the world would prosper
5. the skill-growth rates would be immediately pushed up

Text 6

Human beings, convinced of their superiority over the animal kingdom, are seldom disturbed about the pain and death they bring to other species. For ex­ample, South American birds, desired by zoos, pet shops, and private collections, are frequently packed into small boxes and are flown to foreign countries. Many of the birds, however, do not survive the trip but instead die of suffocation. Birds are not the only victims. Hunters in search of baby orangutans shoot the mothers who are hiding in treetops and wait for the babies to fall on the ground. Many of the babies cannot be caught and fall to their death. Seals, prized for their skins to make lovely winter coats, are bru­tally slaughtered by hunters who club and skin them almost immediately. Sometimes, the seals are skinned alive because a hunter was not skillful with his club.

46. What is the topic of the text?

1. The superiority of human beings
2. Cruelty to animals
3. Animals in captivity
4. Animals in zoos
5. Cruel human beings

47. What is the main information of the text?

1. Human beings often cause death and a lot of pain to animals.
2. People are superior to animals because they are much stronger.
3. Many animals are sold to zoos and collectors at great profits.
4. Wild animals often die when they are trans­ported abroad.
5. Hunters often kill wild animals to enable them to catch their babies.

Text 7

Scientists and doctors say that about 34 million Americans are too fat. Why is this? One reason is the kind of food Americans eat. Many Americans like 'fast food'. These foods (such as hamburgers and ice cream) often have fattening things in them. Another reason is the way Americans eat- They often eat little snacks between regular meals. These extra foods add extra fat on the body. The third reason is not enough exercise. Americans like driving everywhere, instead of walking. They often have machines to do a lot of work. Some Americans are also too heavy because of health problems. However, for most of 34 million Americans, the problem is the American lifestyle.

48. The text tells us about………………………..    

1. what Americans eat
2. American fast foods
3. health problems in America
4. the American lifestyle
5. why many Americans are too fat

49. From the text, we may conclude that……………….     

1. high-tech machines are an advantage to the health of Americans
2. snacks are included in the regular meals of Americans
3. sixty-six million Americans do not consume fast foods
4. eating little snacks is the cause of major health problems
5. many Americans are fat because of the way they live

Text 8

Alternative energy sources become increasingly attractive as the energy crisis becomes more severe. Solar heating systems, which use the sun's radiation as a source of energy, are promising alternative en­ergy sources. Nuclear power plants are already in operation in several parts of the country. Govern­ment and private industry even investigate the possi­bility of capturing the power of ocean waves and tides for conversion into usable energy. Coal once again becomes an acceptable fuel as the nation searches for solutions to the energy shortage. Even garbage is seen as a potential source of energy. In some communities, garbage is burned to heat build­ings and light city streets.

50. The main information of the text is about ………………

1. the interest in alternative energy sources
2. potential solar heating systems
3. the operation of nuclear power plants
4. the search for energy from the sea
5. the use of coal to replace oil

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